The issue of planned obsolescence

The issue of planned obsolescence | Photo: Josh D

In an era marked by an urgent need for sustainability and responsible consumption, planned obsolescence stands as a controversial phenomenon that continues to shape industries worldwide. This business strategy, where products are deliberately designed to have a limited lifespan, encourages frequent consumer replacement, and thus, increases waste.

As global efforts strive to achieve the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), particularly SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), addressing planned obsolescence is becoming more critical than ever. This article delves into the environmental and economic consequences of planned obsolescence, the ongoing regulatory efforts to curb it, and the role of the global society in driving meaningful change.

What is planned obsolescence? Is it true?

Planned obsolescence refers to the practice of designing products to degrade or become obsolete after a predetermined period, ensuring the need for frequent repurchase. This strategy is most noticeable in industries producing electronics and household appliances, but it extends to various sectors. Products like smartphones, printers, and even home appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines are prime examples. While some of these products could be functional for a longer period, manufacturers intentionally design them with a limited lifespan to maximise sales.

For example, in the printer industry, many devices come with microchips that restrict the use of third-party ink cartridges or limit the number of prints. A notable case occurred in 2016 when a well-known company was sued for blocking third-party ink cartridges through a software update, a move that many consumers saw as a deliberate attempt to force replacements rather than allowing continued use.

Planned obsolescence documentary

Microchips and product durability

While planned obsolescence is a common practice, its technological complexity has evolved. In recent years, microchips have played an integral role in controlling the lifespan of consumer products. These chips are embedded in electronics such as mobile phones, televisions, and home appliances to monitor their performance and, in some cases, prematurely disable critical functions.

Take the example of smartphones, where software updates and newer app versions are known to slow down older models. These tactics compel users to replace their devices long before they actually become unusable. Similarly, many electronic devices are designed in a way that makes repairs nearly impossible, ensuring that consumers are often left with no choice but to discard their items entirely, leading to increased waste.

Environmental consequences: A growing concern

The environmental impact of planned obsolescence is substantial and growing. According to a report by the United Nations, the global production of electronic waste reached 53.6 million tonnes in 2019, and it is projected to escalate to 74 million tonnes by 2030. The premature disposal of electronics contributes significantly to pollution, particularly through the release of toxic metals like mercury and lead, which are harmful to ecosystems when improperly recycled.

Furthermore, the production process of these products requires the extraction of precious natural resources, such as rare minerals and metals. As these resources become scarcer, the carbon footprint of manufacturing continues to rise, exacerbating the global climate crisis. SDG 13 (Climate Action) is directly affected by the inefficient use of resources in the consumer industry.

Regulatory efforts: Striving for change

While the consequences of planned obsolescence are increasingly evident, regulatory measures to curb this practice have been slow to materialise. However, there have been notable advancements in certain regions. In 2021, the European Commission introduced guidelines as part of its Circular Economy framework, emphasising the need for manufacturers to increase product durability and provide clearer information about a product’s lifespan. These measures are aligned with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), which aims to reduce waste through more sustainable production methods.

In France, the Law Against Planned Obsolescence, enacted in 2015, mandates that products must be designed for repairability and long-term use. Manufacturers are also required to provide consumers with information about a product's expected durability and the availability of repairs. Yet, despite these efforts, many large corporations continue to resist such regulations, arguing that consumer demand for the latest products is a significant driver of the market.

The Global Society

The global society plays a pivotal role in advocating for change. Consumer education is essential in encouraging more sustainable purchasing decisions, such as opting for durable products that are easily repairable. Moreover, collective pressure from activists, NGOs, and governments can influence manufacturers to embrace sustainable business practices. The growing importance of SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), and SDG 13 (Climate Action) highlights how corporate responsibility is interconnected with broader social justice and environmental protection efforts.

For instance, organisations like Fairphone, a social enterprise, create modular smartphones designed for repairability and longevity. This initiative provides a sustainable alternative to traditional mobile phone models, encouraging consumers to choose products that do not contribute to e-waste. The brand’s efforts underscore the need for a more sustainable approach to manufacturing and consumer behaviour, aligning with the broader goals of global collaboration to tackle economic inequality and climate action.

What can consumers do?

Consumers have the power to make a difference by choosing products that align with their values of sustainability and responsible consumption. By purchasing from companies that prioritise eco-friendly and repairable products, consumers help shift the industry towards more ethical and sustainable practices. They can also demand greater transparency regarding product lifespan, repairability, and recyclability, making their voices heard in the fight against planned obsolescence.

The persistence of planned obsolescence continues to undermine both the environment and consumer rights. While regulatory actions in regions like Europe are advancing, the resistance from large corporations and the demand for newer, better products remain significant challenges. The battle against planned obsolescence requires collective global efforts, where governments, corporations, and consumers all play pivotal roles. As we move toward a more sustainable future, embracing the principles of circular economy and promoting the repairability of products are key steps toward achieving the SDGs and fostering a more equitable, sustainable world.

Youtube credits: https://www.youtube.com/@documentaryforbetterworld4981