Aquaculture plays a crucial role in global food security and sustainable development. As the demand for aquatic products increases, the need for environmentally friendly, efficient, and innovative practices becomes more urgent. Latvia has taken a significant step forward in addressing this challenge through the TOME Aquaculture Centre. This regional hub not only advances Latvia’s aquaculture sector but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainability, climate action, and economic equality, aligning closely with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The origins and evolution of aquaculture
Aquaculture, or fish farming, has ancient roots dating back to 4000 BCE in China, where carp was cultivated in controlled environments. The practice later spread to Egypt, India, and the Roman Empire, primarily for local consumption. Over centuries, aquaculture evolved from small-scale ponds to complex systems capable of producing vast quantities of fish and shellfish.
In the 20th century, the rise of industrial aquaculture revolutionised seafood production. The industry expanded rapidly, driven by increasing global demand for protein, technological advancements, and the overexploitation of wild fish stocks. By 2020, aquaculture accounted for nearly 50% of global seafood consumption, making it a cornerstone of global food systems.
Latvia’s aquaculture transformation
The TOME Aquaculture Centre, launched by the Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR), is revolutionising aquaculture in Latvia by integrating cutting-edge technologies, research, and training. The centre began operations in May 2024, following its construction in late 2023. Supported by EU funding, it serves as a bridge between scientific research and the aquaculture industry.
With a focus on environmental protection and sustainability, TOME has introduced innovative practices such as saltwater recirculatory aquaculture systems (RAS), which reduce water usage and improve fish health. These systems are critical for minimising the sector’s environmental footprint while boosting productivity.
Real-world impact and collaboration
The Centre’s success is evident in its collaboration with over 40 aquaculture farms from multiple EU Member States, fostering knowledge transfer and cross-sectoral partnerships. It has organised international training seminars and industry working groups, benefiting companies like Eko Ģilde, Skrunda, and Nagļi. These initiatives address essential topics such as fish health, biosecurity, and welfare—key components of peace and justice within the global aquaculture ecosystem.
Additionally, the Centre has become a hub for scientific collaboration, hosting students from the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies and the University of Latvia. These efforts ensure the next generation of aquaculture professionals is equipped with the skills needed to tackle future challenges.
The future of aquaculture
As the global population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, the demand for protein-rich foods like fish will soar. Experts estimate that aquaculture production must grow by at least 35% by 2030 to meet these needs. However, this growth must be sustainable to avoid exacerbating environmental issues such as water pollution and habitat loss.
Latvia’s TOME Centre is leading the way by developing sustainable practices that align with the future needs of the industry. Innovations in genetic selection, feed efficiency, and disease management are being integrated into aquaculture systems. These advancements not only enhance productivity but also reduce reliance on natural resources.
Furthermore, the Centre's focus on cross-border collaboration positions Latvia as a regional leader in aquaculture innovation. By sharing knowledge and resources with neighbouring countries, the TOME Aquaculture Centre is contributing to a collective effort to create a sustainable future for aquaculture.
A beacon of sustainability
The TOME Aquaculture Centre exemplifies the importance of global collaboration in achieving sustainability and climate action. By providing access to advanced technologies and expert guidance, it empowers the aquaculture sector to reduce its environmental impact while improving efficiency. The Centre’s initiatives underscore the role of the global society in driving change, fostering partnerships, and promoting justice and strong institutions.
From its ancient roots to its modern-day advancements, aquaculture remains an essential part of humanity’s relationship with the environment. Latvia’s TOME Aquaculture Centre showcases how science and innovation can create solutions that benefit both people and the planet. By aligning with the UN Global Goals, the Centre demonstrates how strategic investments in sustainable aquaculture can pave the way for a better future.
Learn more about global aquaculture initiatives and their impact on sustainability at Global Society Institute and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals initiative.