The rapid urbanisation of the 21st century presents both opportunities and challenges for achieving the global goals. As cities expand, there is a growing need for sustainable infrastructure that promotes economic equality, environmental protection, and climate action. Architect and engineer Carlo Ratti is at the forefront of this transformation, integrating technology with urban planning to create intelligent, responsive cities that improve social justice and quality of life. His pioneering work in smart cities aligns closely with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to sustainable cities.
The science behind smart cities
Carlo Ratti’s research explores how digital technologies can make cities more interactive and sustainable. His MIT Senseable City Lab investigates the intersection of urban environments and data, pioneering projects that analyse city dynamics. For example, the Copenhagen Wheel, developed by the lab, transforms ordinary bicycles into network-connected e-bikes, reducing carbon footprints and promoting climate action. Another initiative, Trash Track, utilises sensors to trace waste patterns, optimising recycling and reducing urban pollution.
The MIT Senseable City Lab has also developed projects such as City Scanner, a fleet of mobile sensing devices that collect real-time environmental data, helping urban planners make informed decisions. Additionally, Treepedia maps the presence of urban trees using Google Street View data, supporting biodiversity and sustainable urban forestry. These projects highlight how the lab’s research bridges the gap between data science and urban design, shaping the cities of tomorrow.
These innovations demonstrate how cities can integrate science and technology to create sustainable and efficient urban landscapes. According to the United Nations, 68% of the world’s population is projected to live in urban areas by 2050. Smart urban planning, as championed by Ratti, is critical to ensuring that this growth supports sustainability and economic equality.
Future trends
Through CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati, his international design and innovation office, Ratti has developed projects that redefine sustainable urban living. The Digital Water Pavilion, showcased at the 2008 Zaragoza Expo, demonstrated the potential of dynamic architecture by using computer-controlled water streams to create an interactive structure. His Future Food District at Expo 2015 in Milan explored how digital technologies could transform food consumption and production, aligning with SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and economic equality.
Another notable project is the Playscraper, a vertical tennis court concept that maximises urban space, promoting active lifestyles and rethinking traditional sports infrastructure. The Curiosity Cloud, developed in collaboration with MIT Senseable City Lab, uses interactive lighting and sensor technology to create immersive urban experiences, enhancing public spaces in a sustainable manner.
Looking ahead, Ratti’s Venice Biennale of Architecture 2025 will likely showcase innovative designs that merge technology with environmental protection and urban sustainability. With the global society focusing more on climate action, Ratti’s contributions provide a roadmap for the future of sustainable cities.
The global society and the path forward
As a World Economic Forum delegate and urban innovation advisor to the European Commission, Carlo Ratti emphasises the importance of global collaboration in tackling urban challenges. The integration of justice and strong institutions into city planning ensures equitable access to resources and opportunities for all.
Cities of the future will not only be technologically advanced but also inclusive and sustainable. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to implement smart solutions that align with the SDGs and create a better future for all. Ratti’s work underscores the necessity of using data, design, and innovation to reimagine urban environments in ways that prioritise both science and humanity.
For those interested in learning more about sustainable urban development, the MIT Senseable City Lab and CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati websites provide valuable insights into ongoing projects. Additionally, organisations such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals initiative offer comprehensive resources on how cities can contribute to a sustainable, just, and technologically integrated world.
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